It can affect either individual species or entire population of a species, organisms and similar biological communities.There are many explicit causes of water pollution. But those who study water pollution prefer to broadly classify it into two categories to understand the causes of water pollution. The two broad categories of water pollution are –

“Point source” — this occurs when substances emitted directly into the water bodies are from one single source. Example of this source is like rivers contaminated by industrial wastes coming from one drain or pipe.

“Non-point source” — the Non-Point Source of water pollution refers to the contamination of water by various sources and they can travel long distances to accumulate together to cause water pollution. Example of non-point source is pesticides and fertilizers that are used in farm field traveling through rain water reach the stream or river.

Now the major causes of water pollution are as follows:

• Pesticides, nutrients and fertilizers used in the farm fields.
• Mining causes seepage of toxic wastes to water bodies and other sources. Discharge of chemical and industrial wastes factories and industries
• Sewage Discharge and non treatment of sewage too can be responsible fore water pollution. Dumping of wastage in stagnant water is also responsible for creating the havoc.
• Oil and petroleum product seeping into seas and oceans
• Sediments, lathering from soaps, detergents, and similar products too are responsible for water pollution.
• Plastics in oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and ponds.

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