These emissions change into sulphates and nitrates under the influence of sunlight and moisture, and get converted into sulphuric acid and nitric acid, which come down as acid rain. The term ‘acid rain’ does not convey the true nature of the problem and therefore scientists use the term "acid depositions". This is because the acid that has formed due to pollution may return to the earth as a solid or a gas and not just as rain. Depending upon the climatic conditions it could also come down as rain, fog, or snow, and in the wet form it is known as "acid precipitation".

Acid rain affects all living organisms in different ways. Acid Rain causes acidification of water sources like lakes and streams. This has an immediate and adverse impact on aquatic life. When acid rain soaks into the ground, it can make the soil an unfit habitat for many living things. Acid rain can destroy the leaves of plants. Acid rain also prevents the reproduction of aquatic species, or results in the deaths of the hatchlings.

Interdependence of all living organisms means that adverse effect on one life form has a knock-on effect on other species that are dependent on it. Animals and birds, like waterfowl or beavers, which depended on the water for food sources or as a habitat, also begin to die. Due to the effects of acid rain, animals that depended on plants for their food also begin to suffer. Tree dwelling birds and animals also begin to languish due to loss of habitat.

In conclusion, all living things, whether plants or animals, whether living on land or in the water or trees, are affected either directly or indirectly by acid rain.

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